Introduction to Vector Databases

Why traditional databases fail for semantic search and how vector databases store and query embeddings at scale.

Intermediate · 14 min read

Why Vector Databases?

Traditional DB (SQL) Vector Database
Exact and range queries Similarity search (nearest neighbor)
Rows and columns (structured) Dense vectors (384–1536 dims)
Cannot understand meaning Captures meaning via embeddings
Example: "WHERE tag = 'AI'" Example: "Find text similar to query"
Database Type Best For Scale
Pinecone Managed cloud Production, RAG, no ops burden Billions of vectors
Chroma Open-source local Prototyping, local dev Millions of vectors
FAISS (Meta) Library (not a DB) GPU-accelerated research Billions on GPU
Weaviate Open-source Hybrid search, multi-modal Billions
pgvector PostgreSQL extension Existing Postgres users Millions

Part of the LangChain, LangGraph & Vector DBs series on Tekivex. Browse all tutorials or explore our open-source products.